irc.freenode.net

www.apache.org/~rbowen

www.apache.org/history

1.3 maintainance will be ended in time

modules.apache.org - modules to do stuff...

users.httpd.apache.org

commercial support
www.covalent.net


1.3 - 	prefork model
	1 parent, many children
	prefork process to make sure enough children

2.0 
	prefork - as above
	worker - children with threads
	perchild - doesn't work yet - configure each child separately - good for different vhosts with different modules run, users
	os-specifc - ?

http built on mime
	request
	map to file / handler
	authentication
	return to user
	with mime header
		major & minor type
		text / html
		image/gif
		application/unknown - catchall
		video/ mpeg
		
	  content-type: text/html
	  content-length
	  content-encoding: gzipped
	  content-language: cy

SSL
	connection
	exchange keys
	request url
	returns comntent

modules
	core - standard modules
	optional extras
	write own modules
	minimum - mod_mime, mod_dir mod_log_config (200k)

core does essentials and exposes API for modules to hook into

in phases
	auth
	content
	logging 
	etc

any phase can be taken over by a module

mod_perl can do pretty much anything

apache under mod bsd license

apache runs on most anything - binaries avail for most




Installing

verify gpg --verify apache_1.3.28.tar.gz.asc

Unpack
	tar -zxf a....gz

Compile
	./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache
		checks sysytem, 1.3 short, 2.0 is verbose cos users autoconf
		if not root binds to :8080, not 80
		2.0 need to pick MPM (prefork, worker, etc) at build time, cant change later

	make
	make install	(as root, if not root)

Start
	apachectl start



Configure
	configure all sorts
	where modules go, 
	where files get put
	includes other parts of dist not in apache dist - mod_perl, mod_ssl, PHP

or use package manager (keep sanity if using many)

***enable modules at configure*** 
	multi modules on same line
   1.3
	./configure --enable-module=rewrite
   2.0 
	./configure --enable-rewrite

*** help ***
	./configure --help 
	./configure --show-layout
	./configure --prefix=path/to/apache --show-layout
	./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-module=most --enable-shared=max
 			where	                    nice ones             load as dynamic shared modules

DSO - allows to add and remove when you want them
	have to enable at compile time
	mod_so - takes longer to start process up but really not much
	use LoadModule, AddModule directives to enable particular modules at runtime
	apache2.0 just addmodule

Building with mod_perl
	tar-vzxf mod...gz
		 apache...gz
	

	cd mod_perl
	perl makefile
	etc...


*** easier to use Apache toolbox *** 
	builds from source, uses light wrapper, downloads modules, checkbox, builds from source, shellscript
	enable & disable just by typing number... 
	not avail for apache 2, yet...
		1.5.67 is stable, 69 seems difficult with mod_perl
	type 'go' to run all, downloads, checks, etc
	**recommended**



Configuring

by text configuration files
main is httpd.conf
	contains directives and containers

srm.conf , access.conf 
	- relics (ditched in 1.3.3, 1.3.7 onwards has blank file... not in 2.0)
	srm - resource management
	access - access control
		


.htaccess
	per directory config files
 	**** controlled by allowoverride directive **** 
	options alls changing major server behaviour

		allowoverride authconfig indexes
	degrade performance, potential security risk
	not cached - every served re reads
	news docs
		httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/howto/htaccess.html	
	alternative is directory block
	
	****MUCH better to have directives in conf.. !!!!****

include files
	include / etc/httpd/other.config
	make sure they are trusted locations



include directories
	only in recent versions
		include /etc/httpd/conf/vhosts
	loaded alphabetically (dir listing order)
	now recommended as - to stop mistakes with temp files
		include /etc/httpd/conf/vhosts/*.conf
Directives 	
	e.g.
		directoryIndex index.html index.shtml
	allowed only in correct context (in server config / htaccess file / virtual host block)
	found in docs on apache.org - 2.0 docs always have an example

	directives relative to serverroot
	use quotes for non-alpha e.g. " " in WinNT
	
Containers
	example
		<Directory /user/local/apache/htdocs/images>
			Allowoverride None
			Options +Indexs
		</Directory>

		<Location /foo>
			Addhandler handlername
		</Location>

	example in file
	
		<Location /server-status>
			SetHandler server-status
		</Location> 

Comments
	# something


Preconfigured systems
	files go in some place, different for each distribution



Comanche
	gui.apache.org
	GUI config utility
	back up files before doing this




IP based VHOSTS

	unique IP address for each host
	SSL works only under this setup

Name-based 
	SSL doesn't work for this

mod_vhost_alias

    * Large number of vhosts, exactly the same configuration


		 VirtualDocumentRoot  /usr/local/apache/vhosts/%0/htdocs
		 VirtualScriptAlias   /usr/local/apache/vhosts/%0/cgi-bin
	makes for www.bob.com
		/usr/local/apache/vhosts/www.bob.com/htdocs
      	 	 
    * New virtual hosts without changing configuration or restarting server.

    * Can make directory structure arbitrarily complex

		VirtualDocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/vhosts/%2.1/%2.2/%2.3+/htdocs

	broken up to parts
	for www.bob.com becomes
		/usr/local/apache/vhosts/%2.1/%2.2/%2.3+/htdocs	
			b	o    b	      	 	 

          http://apache13/mod/mod_vhost_alias.html

Starting apache 

 	httpd -X 
		in single child mode